Bud Clark Commons Public Housing Building And A...

Bud Clark Commons is a public housing building and a community resource center located in Portland’s downtown. The city of Portland is located on the state of Oregon, in the Northwest side of the United States. It is situated between the Cascade Mountains and the Pacific Ocean, in the Willamette Valley. According to the Kà ¶ppen Climate Classification System (Figure 1), Portland falls into the category of Coastal Mediterranean Climate: â€Å"Mild with cool, dry summer. No month with average temperature of warmest months are over 22 °C. At least four months with average temperatures over 50 °F.† For ASHRAE 90.1 zoning map, Portland is in zone 4 with a marine climate. Portland’s climate does not seem to be so humid along the year. The temperature does not fluctuate dramatically during the year, but it does hit low and high temperatures that require both heating and cooling systems to keep the buildings confortable. The city’s climate is predominantly heating requirering. The amount of rainfall during summer is very low, but it is very high during the winter. The state of Oregon has adopted the IECC2012 building energy code, but by the time Bud Clark Commons was designed and constructed, the IECC2009 was active in that State. Heating The first step that Holst Architects took to resolve heating system in the building was tightly sealing the envelope of it. In order to make the building efficient, the faà §ade had to be completely sealed to guaranty no heated air leakage. They tested a

Expansionism Under James K. Polk - 1276 Words

Expansionism under James K. Polk During the years surrounding James K. Polks presidency, the United States of America grew economically, socially, and most noticeably geographically. In this time period, the western boundaries of the Untied States would be expanded all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Many Americans in the 19th century believed that the acquisition of this territory to the west was their right and embraced the concept of Manifest Destiny. This concept was the belief that America should stretch from sea to shining sea and it was all but inevitable. Under the cover of Manifest Destiny, President Polk imposed his views of an aggressive imperialistic nation. Imperialism is the practice of extending the power and†¦show more content†¦The United States portion of this region would soon form the states of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and part of Montana. Polk and his expansionist ambitions increased the size of the United States and supported Americas political, moral, and strategic interests. Polk would not have the same peaceful negotiations with Mexico over disputed land as he did with Great Britain. Though General Santa Anna signed a treaty recognizing Texas independence in 1836, both parties would dispute ownership of the land between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande until 1848. When the United States annexed Texas and stood behind its claim over the disputed land, the Mexican government became infuriated with America and broke off all diplomatic relations and started to prepare for war. The Mexican-American War would ultimately start over disputed land in Texas. It would turn into so much more. Polks final goal was to gain control of all the Mexican territories to the west of Texas. Polk continued to try to resolve this problem peacefully through a treaty with Mexico, but they refused to hold any diplomatic talks with Polks representatives. This forced Polk to have his military occupy the disputed land all the way to the Rio Grande. General Taylor informed Polk that soon after arrival to the Rio Grande the Mexican army attacked him andShow MoreRelatedExpansionism Under James K. Polk Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesExpansionism under James K. Polk During the years surrounding James K. Polks presidency, the United States of America grew economically, socially, and most noticeably geographically. In this time period, the western boundaries of the Untied States would be expanded all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Many Americans in the 19th century believed that the acquisition of this territory to the west was their right and embraced the concept of Manifest Destiny. This concept was the belief thatRead MoreJohn K Polk And Western Expansion2495 Words   |  10 PagesJohn K Polk and Western Expansion Under James Knox Polk, the United States grew by more than a million square miles, adding territory that now composes the states of Arizona, Utah, Nevada, California, Oregon, Idaho, Washington, much of New Mexico, and portions of Wyoming, Montana, and Colorado. Much of the United States is owed to the expansion planned by Former President John K Polk. His actions would lead to the annexation of Texas and purchase of California and New Mexico from Mexico. In theRead MoreThe American Of The Mexican American War1664 Words   |  7 Pages The Mexican American War â€Å"No President who performs his duties faithfully and conscientiously can have any leisure.† –President James K Polk. The Manifest Destiny is believed to have the primary cause of western expansion in the United States during the 19th century. This doctrine is believed to have been the primary sources which led to the vast expansions becauseRead MoreManifest Destiny By James K. Polk1257 Words   |  6 Pagesexpansion of the American territory. It also had many poor results like the killing of Indians who were in the way of the belief of Manifest Destiny. The president that followed through with the belief of Manifest Destiny the most is that of James K. Polk. His war with Mexico and strong stand against the British about the Oregon territory solidified Manifest Destiny. The Unites States of America and its government drilled into its citizens that they should spread the political idea of democracyRead MoreEssay on The Presidency of James Knox Polks2023 Words   |  9 Pagesknown as â€Å"young hickory†, and the first â€Å"dark horse†. James Knox Polk accomplished many things in his life. He served in the House of Representative, became governor of Tennessee, and became president of the United States. His achievements impacted the U.S and made it what it is today. For example he annexed Texas, lowered tariffs, established an independent Federal Treasury, went to war with Mexico, and added three states to the union. If James Polk did not become president, then there is a possibilityRead MoreThe Slavery Of The Slave Trade1987 Words   |  8 PagesTalking about southern expansionism would not be complete without the mention of the interstate slave trade. This is most applicable when we talk about one aspect of the slave trade that oft en gets overlooked, the Atlantic Slave Trade. When mentioning the Atlantic Slave Trade, it is the fact that southerners considered reopening the trade after its dissolution in the beginning of the nineteenth century. Interestingly enough, there were movements by southerners to reopen the Atlantic Slave Trade thatRead MoreQuestions On The s Cotton Gin Made Cotton1559 Words   |  7 Pagesthink it was inescapable on the grounds that without the development Britain or Mexico would have control over a considerable measure of the area and I m certain there would be consistent rubbing between them. Show Destiny was utilized to support expansionism on the grounds that it said that God had bound them for it and when God is utilized as a part of that way I think it induces individuals more. 6) The addition of Texas was dubious on the grounds that numerous individuals who existed in the zoneRead MoreA Description of Bleeding Kansas3703 Words   |  15 PagesMcClellan wants war to end if he s elected, citizens of North are sick of war so many vote for McClellan, Lincoln wins 37. 38. 39. 40. American slave who sued his master for keeping him enslaved in a territory where slavery was banned under the missouri Compromise Election of 1864 36. Eli Whitney Elizabeth Cady Stanton United States inventor of the mechanical cotton gin (1765-1825) A prominent advocate of women s rights, Stanton organized the 1848 Seneca Falls ConventionRead MoreThe End Of The 19th Century2247 Words   |  9 PagesAmericans living in Texas than there where Mexicans, and because of this the Americans wanted full statehood for the province in order to have home rule. In 1833 American born Texans would support Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna in his run for president, under the belief that he would support statehood. However after his election Santa Anna would declare a unified central government that would eliminate states’ rights. Outraged, the Texans revolted and declared their independence on March 2, 1836. The MexicanRead MoreA SELECTION OF PAST AP U.S. FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS:3529 Words   |  15 PagesManifest Destiny as a benevolent movement, it was in fact an aggressive imperialism pursued at the expense of others. Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to American expansionism in the 1840s. (90) 44. Compare the expansionist foreign policies of Presidents Thomas Jefferson and James K. Polk. To what extent did their policies strengthen the United States? (93) 45. Discuss the impact of territorial expansion on national unity between 1800 and 1850. (97) 46. To what extent

Advantahes and Disadvantages of Public Transport Free Essays

Advantages and disadvantages of public transport This is a website informing towards young people some advantages and disadvantages of public transport. Many of us are in these days use our own vehicles to get to our destination and utilizing it as our ‘daily use’, whereas numbers of public transport are reducing since many people are passing their driving test and buying their own cars. This is leading to pollution in the Earth; hence I will be mentioning some advantages and disadvantages of public transport. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantahes and Disadvantages of Public Transport or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly, I will be talking about the disadvantages of it. Disadvantages Delay Public Transport causes some passengers to wait at the station or at the bus stop, which really wastes a person’s valuable time. It may also lead someone losing their job. If there’s bad weather i. e. snow, rain etc, then a person can’t get any heating system in the bus stop nor can he get it in the train station. This can be another reason for falling into a serious illness of someone. In this case any children or any other adult person will lose out on something which is really essential. Safety/Security One of the disadvantages of public transport is that they do not check a person’s bag or properties if there’s any dangerous property, like the way it gets done in the airport. Therefore, public transport gives everyone the opportunity to ride in it safely. Therefore, there could be any terrorist attack or hustling if someone uses the public transport, due to that number of people die this includes children as well. Many people return to their destination and they end up losing their property. This situation everyone faces, especially when there’s people are packed inside the bus or train. Comfort/Hygiene/Cleanliness Public transport doesn’t make anyone feel comfortable nor does it make anyone feel hygienic. This causes because of those people who smokes, stays dirty and like to vandalise those items due to these it put up a bad image on public transport. Not everyone abide by these rules and it makes other people influenced when they see a person doing those bad actions. Only one or two of us decide to take action upon it, whereas the others don’t really care since they are riding it only for temporary time. It’s more likely for a person to get seriously ill, because of the condition of a bus, train and trams etc. Most of the time you see the bus or the train is littered with rubbish, alcohol bottles which is not very nice to see. Privacy In public transport there isn’t privacy to occupy yourself in: – reading books, sleeping, doing your work etc. There are a lots of time you can get find someone who is really irritating. Unlike if you have your own car then you can get whoever you want and reject the unwanted passenger. Nevertheless, when using public transport so many people huddle around and try to steal one’s property. This makes it really uncomfortable for the one to use the public transport, due to the lack of privacy. Whereas, in your own car there are no crowds or nothing which will irritate you, but instead you can occupy yourself in some of your own activities. Embarkation Point Additionally, if a person desires to use public transport then he has to go to a specific embarkation point. An embarkation point is where the buses, trains etc leave from. This could be a great hassle for a person who has a lot of luggage to carry, and it might also make someone miss their bus or train. This can cause a lot of problem for a person’s study or work. The vehicle won’t start whenever you want it; there are specific timetable for their departures. Sometimes the vehicle stops at a different embarkation point or at the wrong embarkation point due to some road works. This is the main cause of people who are losing out in their works. Advantages Safety Public transport tries as much as possible to provide their best services for the public. They have provided safety and security for the passengers, by putting: – CCTV cameras, fire alarms, fire extinguishers etc. ost of the time crime takes place and it causes the public to avoid using it. Unlike one’s own car there is no safety, and a driver would only keep some spare tyres and tools only for his car. Time saving Public transport allows you to be punctual by knowing its specific timetable. This can cause you to be on time for catching up on your ‘essential needs’. There are other tran sports which don’t have to stop themselves in the traffic due to them having some specific routes e. g. train, trams. This makes it really effective, as well as time saving. They run at the speed of 150m/h. In the same way the buses have some specific routes to run on. Unlike, if a person owns his own car then he has to wait for the traffic, and it can cause a lot of problem. Conclusion In conclusion, I think that public transport is really ideal for the whole of the public. By looking at its advantages, it shows the how can a person can attain benefit out of it. Therefore, I recommend that all public should start to use public transports as it can bring a lot of benefits to us and the Earth. It also reduces the amount of pollution the Earth is facing. How to cite Advantahes and Disadvantages of Public Transport, Essay examples

Global Corporate Strategy Multinational Enterprises

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Corporate Strategyfor Multinational Enterprises. Answer: Reflective Essay on International Human Resource Management Importance of International Training and Development There are many training and development programs included in the international human resource management. Most of the Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) focuses on international HRM with a global approach. It is a fact that an improved cultural adjustment helps reducing expatriate failure. According to Aswathappa (2013), therefore, every company should focus on four things while conducting training session for cultural adjustment. At first, focus should be given on understanding different behaviours of cultural diversity. Bratton and Gold (2012) discussed, the training involves creation of awareness about it. Cultural diversity related issues could be removed if the employees and the organization start respecting the local cultures. Only then the process of adjustment can be started. Understanding the psyche process is another part of the training. At last, they should practice the way they should behave in the new overseas business environment. To understand cultural adjustment better , the U-shaped graphical representation is included into the learning module. The graph defines the phases of cultural adjustment. The study reveals the assistance of the company as the most positive predictor during the cultural adjustment process. However, stages of cultural adjustment are based on two factors. These are time and adjustment. During the phase1, the person is a tourist coming to a new place, among new people, and new environment. He found himself in a different culture. Then comes the phase 2, in which the tourist faces a crisis. The reason of this crisis might be culture shock. In such a situation, the tourist goes through the problems of language barrier, information overload, homesickness, infinite regress, and boredom. All these act as major barriers in creating new relationships with the new people. Therefore, the crisis occurs and the adjustment graph is seen falling downwards. In the third phase, which is the pulling up stage, the adjustment graph moves upwar ds with time as the tourist consistently make effort to adjust him with the new situation. As discussed by Buller and McEvoy (2012)., as a result of the training process, the tourist starts adjusting with time and the graph is seen coming to n equal position as with the phase 1. It is considered as the fourth stage which is named the adjustment phase. Availability of Cross-Cultural Training in MNEs According to Griffin and Pustay (2012), cross-cultural training involves implementation of management strategies and inclusion of training policies. These training policies are known as Cross-Cultural Training polices or CCT. Lenartowicz, Johnson and Konopaske (2014) discussed that most of the Australian Multinational Enterprises or MNEs have included these CCT programs. However, the study has helped me gain knowledge about the availability of CCTs in most Australian MNEs. It is found that they provide highly precise and accurate CCTs. The learning module included the Brookfields estimation on the availability of CCTs in 2009, 2011, and 2014 (Pekerti et al. 2014). MNEs have started focusing not only on the cultural adjustment of the employees but also on the cultural adjustment of the spouse and other members of the family. Therefore, the percentage of CCT provided only to the employees has declined from the percentage given to all the members of the family. It accelerates the proces s of adjustment. It is because most of the employees relocate along with their family. Therefore, the cultural shock persists even in the home environment apart from the workplace environment. Even the spouses and the other members of the family are found interested in going through the training process and remove the barriers of culture. It has proved that the MNEs have adopted an approach of overall development that eventually helps them to grow. I have found that the most of the MNEs have given importance to providing CCTs to the whole family of the new employees. It is a positive factor because the cultural adjustment should take place not only within the workplace but also within the home environment. As opined by Purce (2014), most of the employees take their families with them while coming to a new place in search of a job. The chances are that the family members too feel alienated in a new place. Therefore, the employee has to bear the crisis both in workplace and in home. The cross-cultural training programs accelerate the process of adjustment and help both the employee and the other members in the family to cope better in a new environment. Cross-Cultural Training Model The cross-cultural training process follows variety of methods for teaching the cross-cultural skills to the employees and their family members. This training framework is known as Mendell and Oddou paradigm propounded in 1986. They have improved the training methods given by Tung in 1982. The main objective of the improved training process is to initiate interaction with foreign people within a foreign culture. All the activities included in the model are time bounded. This model outlines the need of the particular denominators in the training process. Involving the cultural elements into the content of the training and integrating job-related tasks of the individuals, this method tries to adjust the employees with the new workplace culture. According to Reiche et al. (2014), some of the major approaches of CCT models are Immersion approach, Affective approach, and Information-giving approach. They have outlined three elements of this training that include training methods, level of rigor, and duration of the training. The Immersion approach takes place from one to two months. The level of rigor is high in the Immersion approach. The training session in this approach involves assessment centre, field experiments, simulations, sensitivity training, and extensive language training. It focuses on the practical task-oriented training sessions for the employees so that they learn from experiment (Hendry 2012). Foreign language learning is given supreme importance as an important factor of cultural acquisition. Employees are trained to understand each others language, communicate and express their emotions and develop sensitivity among them. The next approach is Affective approach. It is a training process involving one to fou r weeks. Shen and Lang (2009), opined, during the Affective approach, the employees are trained to assimilate with the foreign culture. Other elements of training include role playing, critical incidents, cases, stress reduction training, and moderate language training. According to Thomas and Peterson (2014), this approach helps increasing the self-esteem of the expatriate. They start adopting a new role in the new environment. They are made to exercise the stress reduction activities on a regular basis for a permanent solution. Moderate language training develops interaction with the new people. They are also trained to adjust themselves in a critical situation. The level of rigor in this phase is moderate. Another major phase is Information-giving approach. It includes Area briefings, cultural briefing, films or books or videos, Use of interpreters, and survival-level language training. The level of rigor is low in this stage. As found from the content of the training process, this approach incorporates various cultural elements and involves the expatriate in a process of adoption. They are made to understand the foreign culture and communicate it with foreign people. Effective Pre-Departure Training Programs The CCT program includes expatriate training methods. One of the most important training methods is the pre-departure training. The effective pre-departure training should include cultural awareness program. As discussed by Tran (2016), the expected outcome is to make the expatriates aware of the foreign culture. They are learnt to appreciate the culture in which they will have to survive. Before adopting the culture, they should learn to appreciate various aspects of it. If they fail to understand the host culture, they will face difficulty while dealing with international assignment. It is true that composition of program varies from one country to another. The type of assignment that the expatriate is going to undertake, the duration of the assignment or meeting, and the purpose of the assignment all depend on the culture of that country. According to Tyson (2014), after the cultural awareness programs, preliminary visits are undertaken. It helps the employees to orienting with th e foreign culture. They are provided a realistic preview of how the business of the foreign culture works. It enables them to understand any assignment better. After the orientation is done, the expatriates are able to predict the sustainability of the project. During the training session, the average length of the visit is one week. The third part of the training includes language training. It is found that most MNEs do not consider it as an important element. Training in English language is necessary as it is considered as the international language. Most of the MNEs think that English language training is unimportant. However, the real situation demands English language to be taught precisely. It is important to learn the foreign language for a better understanding of the tasks. In a competitive market, the employees will lag behind if they are not well conversant with the foreign language. It affects the knowledge management too. During the practical assistance stage, the employ ees are provided information and assistance about their relocation. They are trained to adopt the new environment. It is done by providing the local relocation specialists during the training process and giving more extensive language training. It is seen that the pre-departure training program has achieved great value in 2009, but in 2014 the high-value has decreased. However, it has gained a great value in 2014. The estimation is made by Brookfield. In 2009, the neutral value of it has also increased as compared to 2011 and 2014. Overview of Repatriation figures It is found that most employees with their experience in living and working in a foreign place leave their company after gathering experience. They leave in search of a better assignment that benefits them. Due to lack of an attractive career position, they return to their own country for a better opportunity. The turnover that takes place within one year had decreased to 24% in 2012 (Aswathappa 2013). In 2012, 26% expatriate had returned to their own country within one and two years. The rate was 24% in 2011. In 2012, 28% expatriate had returned to their own country within two years. The rate has increased by 2% from 2011. The data has proved the significance of CCTs in MNEs (Aswathappa 2013). Re-Entry and Career Issues The Re-Entry process follows the pre-departure training. It is already discussed that during the pre-departure training, the employee is made to interact through media and other communication protocols. However, in the re-entry process, they are given new assignment. They are provided with organizational reconnection. According to Tyson (2014), they get assistance of non-work factors, and they get conversant with rituals and ceremonies. This repatriation process helps them to get out of the culture shock. They develop an integrated global perspective. Factors Influencing Repatriate Adjustment Various job-related factors and social factors influence the repatriate adjustment. Career anxiety takes birth from isolation and workplace changes. They face difficulty while coping with their new roles. Cultural diversity gives birth to disturbed employee relationship. They are expected to do work adjustment in such a situation. Social factors such as family adjustments, social networks and effect on partners career influence the repatriation. Most Useful ways to Reduce Expatriate Turnover: It is estimated that the expatriate turnover can be reduced by creating opportunity for them to use their experience. The percentage is 47%. It is the most useful way. Other ways include support to their career, giving recognition, and giving a suitable choice of position after return (Tran 2016). The Way MNEs Should Repatriate The MNEs should focus on identification of implicit knowledge sharing, and reducing the resistance to the employees at the workplace. According to Ulrich (2013), they should incorporate more formal activities include mentoring or coaching, organizing seminars, and developing knowledge disseminating teams. After that they should link the repatriation process to outcomes. The international experience of the employees should be valued. Focus should be given on staff availability and retention, organizational commitment, and knowledge sharing. Knowledge Transfer Knowledge transfer within the workplace is an effective tool of Human resource management. It should be treated as a one-way activity. As a result, employees should develop their local management talent so that they could do project related assignments for the company and leave. The main reason behind sending the expatriates is to supplement the national staff capacity (Ulrich 2013). References Aswathappa, K. 2013. Human resource management: Text and cases. Tata McGraw-Hill Education Bratton, J., and Gold, J. 2012. Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan Buller, P. F.,and McEvoy, G. M. 2012. Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight. Human resource management review, 22(1), 43-56. Griffin, R. W., and Pustay, M. W. 2012. International business. Pearson Higher Ed. Hendry, C. 2012. Human resource management. Routledge Lenartowicz, T., Johnson, J. P., and Konopaske, R. 2014. The application of learning theories to improve cross-cultural training programs in MNCs. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(12), 1697-1719 Pekerti, A. A., Moeller, M., Thomas, D. C., and Napier, N. K. 2014. n-Culturals, the next cross-cultural challenge Introducing a multicultural mentoring model program. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 1470595814559532. Purce, J. 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management. New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals), 67. Reiche, B. S., Lee, Y. T., and Quintanilla, J. 2014. Cross-cultural training and support practices for international assignees. The Routledge Companion to International Human Resource Management, 308. Shen, J., and Lang, B. 2009. Cross-cultural training and its impact on expatriate performance in Australian MNEs. Human Resource Development International, 12(4), 371-386 Thomas, D. C., and Peterson, M. F. 2014. Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage Publications. Tran, B. 2016. Communication (Intercultural and Multicultural) at Play for Cross Cultural Management within Multinational Corporations (MNCs). Handbook of Research on Impacts of International Business and Political Affairs on the Global Economy, 62. Tyson, S. 2014. Essentials of human resource management. Routledge. Ulrich, D. 2013. Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Harvard Business Press.